Articles

Articles are short, monosyllabic words used before nouns to define whether the noun is specific or general. Since they modify nouns, they can also function as adjectives. According to the Collins Dictionary, "An article is a kind of determiner."

Types of Articles:

1. Definite Article: The

2. Indefinite Articles: A and An

1. Definite Article: 'The'

• 'The' is known as the definite article because it points to a specific noun.

• It is used to refer to particular or previously mentioned nouns.

• 'The' is also used before plural nouns, collective nouns, and superlative forms.

Examples:

• Proper Nouns: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

• Plural Nouns: The children are playing cricket.

• Superlative Degree: Nile is the longest river.

• Collective Nouns: The crowd sang along with the band.

Exception: Sometimes, 'the' is used before common nouns to specify something mentioned earlier or already known.

• Example: I saw a dog at the end of the street. The dog came running to me.

• Example: My brother and I are going to a wedding reception. The reception is held in an open lawn.

2. Indefinite Articles: 'A' and 'An'

• 'A' and 'An' are called indefinite articles because they do not refer to a specific noun.

• They are used with singular nouns that are general or not yet identified.

Rules:

1. 'A' is used before singular nouns that begin with a consonant sound.

   • Example: My father is a doctor.

2. 'An' is used before singular nouns that begin with a vowel sound.

   • Example: She is an engineer.

Usage and Exceptions:

• 'An' before a Vowel Sound, Not Just a Vowel Letter:

  • An umbrella, an orange, an apple

  • Exception: A university, a unit, a euro (because 'university', 'unit', and 'euro' begin with a 'yoo' sound, which is a consonant sound)

• 'An' Before a Consonant with a Vowel Sound:

  • Example: An hour (h is silent, sounds like 'our')

  • Example: An honest man (h is silent, sounds like 'onest')

  • Example: An NCC cadet (N sounds like 'en')

  • Example: An MA in English (M sounds like 'em')

Quick Tips:

• Use 'the' when the noun is unique or there is only one (e.g., the earth, the moon).

• Use 'a' or 'an' when mentioning something for the first time or when it is not specific.

• Avoid using 'the' before proper nouns unless referring to famous places or organizations (e.g., The Himalayas, The United Nations).